TL;DR
Utah's groundwater is hard because it filters through limestone and dolomite, dissolving calcium and magnesium along the way. The fix for most well owners is a properly-sized ion-exchange softener, often paired with a sediment pre-filter and a small RO unit at the kitchen tap.
Summary
Why Utah's groundwater is some of the hardest in the country, what hardness actually does to your home, and the treatment options that work for well water.